Wildfires in southern California have unleashed a war on flames, and in that fight, Phos-Chek, a bright red fire retardant, has played a crucial role. The substance, dropped from air tankers, has been seen coating roofs, vehicles and driveways in the Los Angeles suburbs. Moreover, over the past week, authorities have deployed thousands of gallons of Phos-Chek to slow the spread of the flames.
Composition and Functioning of Phos-Chek
Phos-Chek, used in the United States since 1963, is the most widely used fire retardant by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Its mixture consists of 80% water, 14% fertiliser-type salts and 6% dyes and corrosion inhibitors.
This formula cools vegetation and covers fuels, which reduces the rate at which fires spread. Its bright colour makes it easier for firefighters and pilots to quickly identify treated areas. Although over time it fades to more natural tones, adapting to the environment.
Environmental and Legal Controversies
Despite its effectiveness, the use of Phos-Chek has generated controversy due to its potential environmental impacts. In 2022, Forest Service employees sued the federal agency, accusing it of violating clean water laws by dumping chemicals that affect aquatic ecosystems and kill fish.
In 2023, a judge upheld the lawsuit, allowing the Forest Service to continue using Phos-Chek, but with an obligation to obtain permits from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This decision was celebrated by communities affected by past fires, such as Paradise, California, which was destroyed in 2018.
Adjustments and Measures to Mitigate Negative Effects
To mitigate environmental impacts, the Forest Service has begun to gradually replace one of the older formulations of Phos-Chek, LC95, with a less toxic version called MVP-Fx. In addition, a policy has been implemented that prohibits the use of retardants in sensitive ecological areas, such as rivers and endangered species habitats. However, there are exceptions in situations where human safety is at risk.
Despite environmental concerns, Phos-Chek remains essential in the fight against wildfires in California, a state facing an increase in the frequency and intensity of these natural disasters due to climate change.
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